The Leaning Tower of Pisa

Author:

Viggiani Carlo1

Affiliation:

1. Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy

Abstract

The Leaning Tower of Pisa was stabilised in the years 1999–2000 by an International Committee appointed by the Italian Government. An analysis of the history of the monument and the results of investigations and monitoring led to the conclusion that the tower was affected by a phenomenon of instability of the equilibrium. The stabilisation intervention, conceived to be totally respectful of the integrity of the monument, consisted of slightly decreasing the inclination of the Tower by removing a small volume of soil beneath the north side of the foundation.

Publisher

International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE)

Reference21 articles.

1. Burland, J.B., Potts, D.M. Development and application of a numerical model for the leaning tower of Pisa. IS Prefailure deformation characteristics of geomaterials, Hokkaido 1994, vol.2, 715 – 738.

2. Leoni, M., Squeglia, N. 3D creep analysis of the leaning Tower of Pisa. Unpublished report, Opera della Primaziale Pisana 2016.

3. Leoni, M., Squeglia, N., Viggiani C. Tower of Pisa: Lessons learned by observation and analysis. In Lancellotta et al. editors: Geotechnics and Heritage, Historic Towers. CRC Press, 2017, 15-38.

4. Cresy, E., Taylor, G.L. Architecture of the Middle Ages in Italy, illustrated by views, plans, elevations, sections and details of the cathedral, baptistery, leaning tower or campanile and camposanto at Pisa, from drawing and measurements taken in the year 1817. Published by the Authors, London 1829.

5. Rohault de Fleury, Le Campanile de Pisa. Enciclopedie de l’Architecture, Bance, Paris, 1859.

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