Characterization of an evolutionarily conserved calcitonin signaling system in a lophotrochozoan, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Author:

Schwartz Julie1,Réalis-Doyelle Emilie1,Dubos Marie-Pierre1,Lefranc Benjamin2,Leprince Jérôme2,Favrel Pascal1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, UPMC, UA, CNRS 7208, IRD 207, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), CS14032, 14032 CAEN, Cedex 5, France

2. Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1239, Laboratoire Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biomédicale de Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France

Abstract

In Protostoma, the diuretic hormone 31 (DH31) signaling system was long considered as the orthologue of the chordate calcitonin (CT) signaling system. Using the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) transcriptomic database GigaTON (http://ngspipelines-sigenae.toulouse.inra.fr/), we characterized seven G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) named Cragi-CTR1/7 and phylogenetically related to chordate CT receptors (CTRs) and to protostome DH31 receptors. Two CT Precursors (Cragi-CTP1 and Cragi-CTP2) containing two CT-type peptides and encoded by two distinct genes with a similar organization were also characterized. These oyster neuropeptides (Cragi-CT1/2) exhibit the two N-terminal paired cysteine residues and except CTP2 derived peptide (Cragi-CTP2dp) the C-terminal proline-amide motif typical of deuterostome CT-type peptides. All mature Cragi-CTs but Cragi-CTP2dp were detected in visceral ganglion (VG) extracts using mass spectrometry. Cell-based assays revealed that the formerly characterized oyster receptors Cg-CTR and Cragi-CTR2 were specifically activated by Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CT2, respectively. This activation does not require the co-expression of receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). Thus, the oyster CT signaling appears functionally more closely related to the vertebrate CT/CTR signaling than to the (Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide) CGRP/CLR signaling. Gene expression profiles in different adult tissues and in oysters acclimated to brackish water suggest the potential implication of both Cg-CT-R/Cragi-CT1b and Cragi-CTR2/Cragi-CT2 in water and ionic regulations, though with apparently opposite effects. The present study represents the first comprehensive characterization of a functional CT-type signaling system in a protostome and provides evidence for its evolutionarily ancient origin and its early role in osmotic homeostasis.

Funder

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

European Observation Network for Territorial Development and Cohesion

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Insect Science,Molecular Biology,Animal Science and Zoology,Aquatic Science,Physiology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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