Human haematopoietic stem cell development: from the embryo to the dish

Author:

Ivanovs Andrejs12,Rybtsov Stanislav1,Ng Elizabeth S.34,Stanley Edouard G.345,Elefanty Andrew G.345,Medvinsky Alexander1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Stem Cell Research, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK

2. Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia

3. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia

4. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia

5. Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia

Abstract

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during embryogenesis and give rise to the adult haematopoietic system. Understanding how early haematopoietic development occurs is of fundamental importance for basic biology and medical sciences, but our knowledge is still limited compared with what we know of adult HSCs and their microenvironment. This is particularly true for human haematopoiesis, and is reflected in our current inability to recapitulate the development of HSCs from pluripotent stem cells in vitro. In this Review, we discuss what is known of human haematopoietic development: the anatomical sites at which it occurs, the different temporal waves of haematopoiesis, the emergence of the first HSCs and the signalling landscape of the haematopoietic niche. We also discuss the extent to which in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells recapitulates bona fide human developmental haematopoiesis, and outline some future directions in the field.

Funder

Bloodwise

Medical Research Council

National Health and Medical Research Council

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Developmental Biology,Molecular Biology

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