Impacts and mechanisms of CO2 narcosis in bumble bees: narcosis depends on dose, caste and mating status and is not induced by anoxia

Author:

Cressman Anna1,Amsalem Etya1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Center for Chemical Ecology, Center for Pollination Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University Department of Entomology , , University Park, PA 16802 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide (CO2) is commonly used to immobilize insects and to induce reproduction in bees. However, despite its wide use and potential off-target impacts, its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we used Bombus impatiens to examine whether CO2 impacts are mediated by anoxia and whether these mechanisms differ between female castes or following mating in queens. We examined the behavior, physiology and gene expression of workers, mated queens and virgin queens following exposure to anoxia, hypoxia, full and partial hypercapnia, and controls. Hypercapnia and anoxia caused immobilization, but only hypercapnia resulted in behavioral, physiological and molecular impacts in bees. Recovery from hypercapnia resulted in increased abdominal contractions and took longer in queens. Additionally, hypercapnia activated the ovaries of queens, but inhibited those of workers in a dose-dependent manner and caused a depletion of fat-body lipids in both castes. All responses to hypercapnia were weaker following mating in queens. Analysis of gene expression related to hypoxia and hypercapnia supported the physiological findings in queens, demonstrating that the overall impacts of CO2, excluding virgin queen ovaries, were unique and were not induced by anoxia. This study contributes to our understanding of the impacts and the mechanistic basis of CO2 narcosis in insects and its impacts on bee physiology. This article has an associated ECR Spotlight interview with Anna Cressman.

Funder

US-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Insect Science,Molecular Biology,Animal Science and Zoology,Aquatic Science,Physiology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Cited by 2 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. CO2 bee anaesthetic can cause complications;Journal of Experimental Biology;2023-01-01

2. ECR Spotlight – Anna Cressman;Journal of Experimental Biology;2023-01-01

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