Dissecting the stem cell niche with organoid models: an engineering-based approach

Author:

Murrow Lyndsay M.1,Weber Robert J.2,Gartner Zev J.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Box 2280, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA

2. Graduate Program in Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT For many tissues, single resident stem cells grown in vitro under appropriate three-dimensional conditions can produce outgrowths known as organoids. These tissues recapitulate much of the cell composition and architecture of the in vivo organ from which they derive, including the formation of a stem cell niche. This has facilitated the systematic experimental manipulation and single-cell, high-throughput imaging of stem cells within their respective niches. Furthermore, emerging technologies now make it possible to engineer organoids from purified cellular and extracellular components to directly model and test stem cell-niche interactions. In this Review, we discuss how organoids have been used to identify and characterize stem cell-niche interactions and uncover new niche components, focusing on three adult-derived organoid systems. We also describe new approaches to reconstitute organoids from purified cellular components, and discuss how this technology can help to address fundamental questions about the adult stem cell niche.

Funder

Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation

Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs

National Institutes of Health

National Science Foundation

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Developmental Biology,Molecular Biology

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