A sea of change: Tracing parasitic dynamics through the past millennia in the northern Adriatic, Italy

Author:

Fitzgerald Erin1,Ryan Delaney1,Scarponi Daniele2ORCID,Huntley John Warren1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA

2. 2Alma Climate Institute, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy

Abstract

Abstract Our study uses data from Holocene core samples and modern death assemblages to understand how human-induced environmental change in the northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) may have affected parasite-host dynamics in the economically important bivalve Chamelea gallina. Thirty-one radiocarbon dates confirm temporal distinctness between the periods before and after the onset of significant human influence and confirm that trematode prevalence has decreased by an order of magnitude over the past ~2 k.y. The median number of parasite-induced pits per bivalve host and parasite aggregation has also decreased significantly, signaling a substantial decrease in the effective population size of digenean trematodes. Gaussian finite mixture modeling of pit size does not support the hypothesis of parasite extinction. Combined, these results indicate the (potentially ongoing) collapse of parasite-host interactions in C. gallina in concert with human influence on the Adriatic and its transition to an “urban sea.”

Publisher

Geological Society of America

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