Affiliation:
1. University Saiens Malaysia (USM), Malaysia
Abstract
Nowadays municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment by phytoremediation techniques goes as an emerging technique in the USA and many European countries. Cleaning wastewater with constructed wetland (CW) is an advanced type of phytoremediation. Low concentration of hazardous metallic elements in this major wastewater caused its capability for treatment by CW. This treatment method highly depends on the presence of macrophytes, media, and operating factors which have high influences in the efficiency of this technology. This chapter will discuss on engineering controls that traditionally are available and practically could be used in the commonly CW. Recirculation, dry to wet duration, artificial aeration, absorbent application, dilution and carbon source addition through this eco-friendly decontamination method. The concentration of this manuscript will be on Cyperus alternifolius as a well-known rapid growth plant species which often known as an ornamental plant. This review on try to illustrate practical ways to enhancing efficiency of decontamination of MWW in CW