Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
2. Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Dokkali University, Morocco
3. Higher Normal School, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco
4. Universite Abdelmalek Essaadi, Morocco
Abstract
Stem cells are defined by their ability of self-renewal and generation of differentiated functional cell types, which are derived from the embryo and various postnatal animal sources. These cells can be divided according to their developmental potential into totipotent, unipotent, multipotent, and pluripotent, which may be of embryonic, fetal, or adult origin. These stem cells are an effective way to explore human diseases and their treatment, especially neurodevelopmental disorders. Therefore, stem cells used for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) are mainly embryonic stem cells (ES Cells), fetal neural stem cells (NSCs), adult neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because of their plasticity, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). They are theoretically capable of forming dopaminergic neurons that may be implanted in patients with Parkinson's disease. This chapter presents the primordial role of cell therapy by stem cells in the mechanism of Parkinson's disease, also in dopamine cell replacement based on generating neurons.