Affiliation:
1. Amity University, Ranchi, India
2. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Ranchi, India
3. Parul University, India
4. Uttaranchal University, India
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination (e.g., mercury, cadmium) presents severe environmental risks. Microbial bioremediation offers an eco-friendly solution. Microorganisms employ biosorption, bioleaching, and biotransformation mechanisms. Biosorption binds metals to cell surfaces, bioleaching leaches metals from ores, and biotransformation alters metal oxidation states. Heavy metals induce toxicity, hampering plant growth, causing health issues (e.g., cancer), and disrupting ecosystems. Microbes neutralize metals effectively. Bioremediation is cost-efficient, adaptable, and microbial resistance mechanisms enhance efficacy. Specific microbes exhibit metal-specific removal abilities. Experimental MIC assessments guide resistance evaluation. Utilizing microbes combats heavy metal contamination, curbing environmental and health hazards, presenting a unique and efficient approach in research endeavors