Role of Quantum Computing in the Era of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Abstract

Quantum computing introduces revolutionary techniques for information processing by harnessing uniquely quantum phenomena. The emergence of quantum processors, algorithms, and software tools has brought this disruptive technology closer to practical applications. One of the most promising domains where quantum techniques can provide advantages is augmenting artificial intelligence. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamentals underpinning quantum computation, surveys the current hardware landscape, summarizes key quantum algorithms, and highlights promising applications in optimization, sampling, simulation, and machine learning. Engineering challenges in scaling up quantum systems are discussed along with progress in quantum error correction. Projections forecast steady advances towards quantum-enhanced AI based on a timeline of milestones. Realizing these synergies through collaborative interdisciplinary efforts promises to transform computing and catalyse innovations across industries to benefit science and society.