The Impact of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers on Memory in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Antioxidant Use

Abstract

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a persistent psychotic condition that profoundly affects cognitive abilities across multiple domains, encompassing attention, working memory (WM), short-term and long-term memory, auditory processing, verbal and visuospatial learning, decision-making, problem-solving, and social-cognitive skills. While the etiology of SCZ is complex, oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in its pathology and represents a major theory concerning its onset. In this chapter, the authors adopt a comprehensive approach by integrating both the oxidative and inflammatory theories to provide a more comprehensive explanation for the observed cognitive decline in SCZ patients. By examining the interplay between these factors, they aim to elucidate the intricate mechanisms underlying cognitive deterioration in SCZ and contribute to a deeper understanding of the condition. They conducted an extensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Microsoft Academic Search Engine, and Google Scholar to identify articles establishing connections between OS and cognitive abilities. Additionally, they explored potential antioxidant treatments for enhancing memory in SCZ patients. To evaluate the efficacy of antioxidants, they incorporated studies involving individuals with SCZ as well as other psychiatric disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) to assess the effects of antioxidant consumption on cognitive changes. The role of OS in comprehending the pathology of SCZ is of paramount importance. Moreover, evidence suggests that the utilization of antioxidants can contribute to the amelioration of cognitive symptoms, including improvements in memory function.