A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Impact of Maternal Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Maternal and Fetal Outcomes

Abstract

The purpose of this initial study was to look at the connections between gestational weight increase and the mother's and fetus's outcomes in the first trimester of pregnancy and their link to each other. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals with pregnant women enrolled during the first trimester. Information was gathered from self-reported questionnaires and electronic health records on maternal BMI, gestational weight gain, and maternal and foetal outcomes. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate relationships between maternal BMI, gestational weight increase, and pregnancy outcomes. There were 500 participants in the study. An increased risk of hypertensive diseases, gestational Diabetes, and caesarean section deliveries has been linked to higher maternal BMI. A higher risk of macrosomia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm birth were associated with lower maternal BMI. A higher incidence of gestational Diabetes and hypertensive diseases was linked to gestational weight growth that was below the advised range. On the other hand, rapid weight increase was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia, IUGR, and premature birth. Combined research showed that the greatest risk of gestational Diabetes and hypertensive problems was associated with obese women who gained weight over what was indicated. In summary, comprehending the intricate connections among maternal body mass index, gestational weight increase, and pregnancy consequences is essential for enhancing prenatal care and mitigating the hazards linked to maternal obesity and unwarranted weight growth. More study is required to understand the underlying mechanisms further and create evidence-based methods for improving the health of both the mother and the foetus.