Fetomaternal Outcomes of Second-Stage Caesarean Section on Prevalence, Indications, and Implications for Obstetric Care

Abstract

During the second stage of labour, a “second-stage Caesarean section” (lower segment Caesarean section -LSCS)” is performed to help the mother and foetus. Understanding its prevalence, indications, and results helps make evidence-based clinical decisions. This study examines second-stage LSCS's influence on fetomaternal outcomes. Goals include studying second-stage LSCS, foetal and maternal outcomes, indication-outcome connections, and second-stage LSCS indications. Medical records from second-stage LSCS women were used in a retrospective cohort study. Regression, comparison, and descriptive statistics were used to study maternal and foetal outcomes and LSCS indications. Data shows that 15.2% of LSCS operations occurred in the second stage of labour. Maternal outcomes included 22.5 percent blood loss, 30 percent lengthier hospital stays, 18.8 percent surgical issues, and 11.3 percent mental damage. Apgar scores differed by the foetal outcome; 36.3% of newborns needed NICU admission, and RDS (26.3 percent). Fetal distress and failed labour progress (17.6%) were the main LSCS indicators (28.4 percent). In conclusion, second-stage LSCS is crucial to obstetric care because it affects maternal and foetal outcomes. The frequency of LSCS in the second stage emphasises the importance of close observation and swift decision-making. Fetal results emphasise the need for specialised neonatal care, whereas maternal outcomes emphasise the need for extended postoperative care and emotional support. LSCS indications affect mother and foetus outcomes, emphasising the importance of customised treatment and evidence-based decision-making in clinical settings.