Still Arctic?—The changing Barents Sea

Author:

Gerland Sebastian1ORCID,Ingvaldsen Randi B.23ORCID,Reigstad Marit3ORCID,Sundfjord Arild1ORCID,Bogstad Bjarte2ORCID,Chierici Melissa45ORCID,Hop Haakon1ORCID,Renaud Paul E.6ORCID,Smedsrud Lars Henrik578ORCID,Stige Leif Christian9ORCID,Årthun Marius78ORCID,Berge Jørgen3510ORCID,Bluhm Bodil A.3ORCID,Borgå Katrine11ORCID,Bratbak Gunnar12ORCID,Divine Dmitry V.1ORCID,Eldevik Tor78ORCID,Eriksen Elena2ORCID,Fer Ilker78ORCID,Fransson Agneta15ORCID,Gradinger Rolf3ORCID,Granskog Mats A.1ORCID,Haug Tore4,Husum Katrine1ORCID,Johnsen Geir510ORCID,Jonassen Marius O.57ORCID,Jørgensen Lis Lindal4ORCID,Kristiansen Svein3ORCID,Larsen Aud13ORCID,Lien Vidar S.2ORCID,Lind Sigrid1ORCID,Lindstrøm Ulf34ORCID,Mauritzen Cecilie14ORCID,Melsom Arne14ORCID,Mernild Sebastian H.7815161718ORCID,Müller Malte1419ORCID,Nilsen Frank578ORCID,Primicerio Raul3ORCID,Søreide Janne E.5ORCID,van der Meeren Gro I.2ORCID,Wassmann Paul3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. 1Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

2. 2Institute of Marine Research, Department Bergen, Norway

3. 3Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

4. 4Institute of Marine Research, Department Tromsø, Norway

5. 5University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

6. 6Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway

7. 7Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Norway

8. 8Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway

9. 9Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Norway

10. 10Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway

11. 11Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway

12. 12Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway

13. 13NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway

14. 14Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway

15. 15Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway

16. 16Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway

17. 17Centro de Investigación Gaia-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile

18. 18SDU Climate Cluster, Southern Danish University, Denmark

19. 19Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Norway

Abstract

The Barents Sea is one of the Polar regions where current climate and ecosystem change is most pronounced. Here we review the current state of knowledge of the physical, chemical and biological systems in the Barents Sea. Physical conditions in this area are characterized by large seasonal contrasts between partial sea-ice cover in winter and spring versus predominantly open water in summer and autumn. Observations over recent decades show that surface air and ocean temperatures have increased, sea-ice extent has decreased, ocean stratification has weakened, and water chemistry and ecosystem components have changed, the latter in a direction often described as “Atlantification” or “borealisation,” with a less “Arctic” appearance. Temporal and spatial changes in the Barents Sea have a wider relevance, both in the context of large-scale climatic (air, water mass and sea-ice) transport processes and in comparison to other Arctic regions. These observed changes also have socioeconomic consequences, including for fisheries and other human activities. While several of the ongoing changes are monitored and quantified, observation and knowledge gaps remain, especially for winter months when field observations and sample collections are still sparse. Knowledge of the interplay of physical and biogeochemical drivers and ecosystem responses, including complex feedback processes, needs further development.

Publisher

University of California Press

Subject

Atmospheric Science,Geology,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology,Ecology,Environmental Engineering,Oceanography

Reference588 articles.

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