Influence of the nature of the binding material on properties of the sorbents

Abstract

Abstract This article discusses sorbents for water purification from heavy metals and petroleum products made from cheap materials such as agricultural waste, industrial waste, sawdust, sheet litter, and others. Literary data in which it is proposed to modify the waste to improve the physic-chemical and sorption characteristics. Acids, alkalis, salts, alcohols, and organic compounds are used as reagents. Additive to the sorption material of the polymer binder allows obtaining material of this form. This article proposes to manufacture sorbents from cotton waste and agricultural waste (wheat husk). Preliminary heat treatment of materials allows developing a specific surface area and obtaining new functional groups, thereby increasing the cleaning efficiency of model solutions from heavy metal ions (zinc, cadmium, lead, copper). The authors propose sorbents to be laid in layers in the polymer case and thus a three-layer filter “COM” was manufactured. To give the filter a frame structure, it is proposed to introduce polymeric binders (phenol-formaldehyde resins, adhesives, paraffin, a polymeric matrix). Considered 3 types of filters that differ in the content of the polymer matrix. The polymer matrix consists of phenol, formaldehyde, and sulfuric acid. The highest sorption capacity was observed for the COM sample and ranged from 0.88 to 0.90 mg/g, while the cleaning efficiency was up to 89% for zinc ions. Microstructural studies of the samples showed that the introduction of binding additives “smears” the pores and reduces the sorption activity. The introduction of the polymer matrix allows you to save the sorption properties due to the ion exchange mechanism.