The concept of creating a new water management system in the region

Abstract

Abstract The article gives the reason for the formation of Lake Aydarkul, according to which Lake Aydarkul began to form, starting from the catastrophically high year of 1969 - as a result of the discharge of 21 cubic kilometers of Syrdarya waters from the Shardara reservoir. The area of the lake system reached 2000 km2, salinity of water – 2 – 4 g/l. In the next decade, there was a drop in the water level in the lakes and deterioration in its quality. By 1978, the depth decreased from 25 to 20 meters, and salinity increased to 7-8 g/l. An analysis of the available materials devoted to this problem showed that the water surface of Aydar and Tuzkan lakes extends from west to east for more than 180 kilometers, and the adjacent chain of Arnasay lakes stretches from north to south for more than 70 kilometers. The reason for the salinity of Aydarkul was indicated - before the commissioning of the Shardara reservoir, salt lakes were located on the site of the lakes, and only in the Tuzkan Basin fed by the Kly River was a shallow salt lake. The problem can be solved by transporting an additional volume of water to the lower reaches of the Amudarya, which will improve the ecological situation in the Aral Sea region, provide, over time, the formation of fresh lakes and create a water management system Syrdarya - Aydarkul - Zarafshan - dead lakes - Amudarya. This system can serve the broad development of fisheries, and also contribute to the opening of new agricultural areas of the republic, while creating several hundred new jobs. A method is recommended for solving an important national economic task of the industry. It is proposed that for the formation of the water system Syrdarya – Aydarkul - Zarafshan - “dead lakes” – Amudarya – Priaralye, it is necessary to design and build the main canal with several sections of a length of about 250 km, each of which communicates with the lake of the above system, will provide gravity communication of three large rivers of the Aral Sea basin. It is proposed to design the main canal with improved lining, which will provide high efficiency, which, in turn, will reduce the filtration coefficient and contribute to an increase in water intake for the needs of the national economy, expansion of irrigated areas and the development of fisheries in the region, and improvement of the ecological situation in the Aral Sea region.