Ensuring environmental safety at Garabogaz transport and industrial complex by identifying environmental risks

Abstract

Abstract The authors of the article propose a number of measures to optimize the production process of “Garabogazcarbamide” factory in order to increase its environmental safety. The factory and the newly equipped berth in Garabogaz (Bekdash) have a negative impact on the ecological situation of the Caspian Sea, in particular, Garabogazgol Bay. The fragile balance between economic activity and preservation of the ecosystem and its biodiversity is broken. Potential accidents at drilling rigs and oil-gas transport and industrial complex can lead to extreme consequences and desertification of the region. The threat of environmental degradation in the Caspian region and the depletion of its natural resources are especially great due to the overdevelopment of the fuel and energy industry, the lack of legal regulations for environmental protection, the limited use of energy and environmental technologies and a primitive environmental culture; all these factors increase the risk of technological disasters. According to the authors’ opinion, the organization of a system of continuous environmental monitoring over the technological updating of the factory equipment; the use of a closed JW system (including desalting unit); the construction of its own power plant for the needs of the factory; purification systems for atmospheric emissions; improving smart technologies to reduce natural gas consumption can help to improve the environmental situation in Garabogaz.