Air Quality Upgrading in Residential Areas Using Architectural Methods

Abstract

Abstract According to results of natural observations in big cities and using building models, some optimum techniques for planning and development have been revealed providing hygienic norms of emission content from vehicles in main streets within the comfortable weather classes defined by combinations of wind speed, temperature, and air moisture. Patterns of air flow transformation were revealed by the speed and direction as well as distribution of polluting substances on the cross section of urban streets with variation of their width, height, and housing density. Planning conditions have been determined contributing to the formation of the stable vortex and the elevated air pollution resulting from the closed circulation of vehicle emissions in the street canyons. Possibilities to provide the air quality are determined under the conditions of the historically formed urban development by way of realization of planning reconstructive and organization regulative measures. Special aspects to choose and realize urban planning steps are chosen aimed at air protection in various geographic areas with a typical annual trend of changing climate forcing. It is highlighted that in landscape zones with a pronounced seasonal character of climate forcing, an individual approach to choosing urban planning methods is needed to regenerate the urban environment as applicable to problems arising in different seasons.