Influence and mechanism of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of nickel oxide nanofilm

Abstract

Abstract This research investigates the preparation and electrochromic performance of titanium-doped nickel oxide nanofilms. Through chemical bath deposition, nickel oxide doped with various ratios of titanium (NiO) films was successfully synthesized. The study extensively analyzes the structural features and properties of these films using such characterization techniques as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, among others. The experimental findings highlight that moderate titanium doping (0.3%) notably enhances the porous structure and crystalline properties of NiO films, leading to improved optical modulation (88%), coloring efficiency (CE up to 42.6 cm2/C), and cycle stability (maintaining 61% optical modulation after 500 cycles). However, excessive titanium doping tends to diminish the electrochromic response time. These results underscore the significant impact of titanium doping on the electrochromic performance of NiO films, providing essential insights for their potential applications in smart windows, displays, and related fields.