Energy comparison of room temperature and superconducting synchrotrons for hadron therapy

Abstract

Abstract The yearly energy requirements of room temperature (RT) and superconducting (SC) magnet options of a new hadron therapy (HT) facility are compared. Special reference is made to the layouts considered for the proposed SEEIIST facility. Benchmarking with the RT CNAO HT centre in Pavia (Italy) was carried out. The energy comparison is centred on the different synchrotron solutions, assuming the same injector and lines in the designs. The beam current is 20 times higher than in present generation facilities: this allows efficient multi-energy extraction (MEE), which shortens the therapy treatment and is needed especially in the SC option, because of the slow magnet ramping time. Hence, power values of the facility in the traditional mode were converted into MEE ones, for a fair comparison between RT and SC magnets. Cryocoolers (c.c.) and a liquefier are also compared, for synchrotron refrigeration. This study shows that a RT facility in MEE mode requires the least average energy, followed by the SC synchrotron solution with a liquefier, while the most energy intensive solution is the SC one with c.c.