Investigation on unsteady characteristics of flow separation in a supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor

Abstract

Abstract As one of the core components of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) closed Brayton cycle, the efficiency of S-CO2 centrifugal compressor plays a crucial role. Affected by the special thermophysical properties of S-CO2 fluid, the flow mechanism of S-CO2 centrifugal compressor is different from the centrifugal compressor of conventional fluid, such as air. Previous studies have found that the flow separation within the flow domain of this kind of compressor is easily to occur downstream the pressure surface. Many steady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have been conducted on the S-CO2 centrifugal compressors, but few studies focused on the unsteady evolution of this flow separation. In this paper, the unsteady CFD simulation is carried out in the flow passage of a S-CO2 centrifugal compressor. The solution domain of CFD simulation includes compressor blades, diffuser and volute. The performance and the unsteady flow behavior of S-CO2 centrifugal compressor is obtained. Under low flow rate conditions, the flow separation on the pressure surface of the blade of S-CO2 centrifugal compressor is more likely to occur, causing the decrease of compressor performance. This flow separation has strong unsteady characteristics, which deteriorates several times during a rotation cycle, meanwhile the vortex shedding happens. At the time steps of vortex shedding, the pressure near the trailing edge of the impeller fluctuates greatly, indicating that this unsteady flow separation brings a large flow loss to the S-CO2 centrifugal compressor.