NodeMCU controlled tortoise-shaped bandwidth reconfigurable antenna for 4G and 5G applications

Abstract

Abstract A NodeMCU controlled tortoise-shaped bandwidth reconfigurable antenna for 4G and 5G applications depending upon the condition of the PIN diode switch is presented in this paper. By using FR-4 substrate and limited ground plane antenna is designed with a dimensions of 33 × 22 × 1 mm3. The fabricated antenna is working for Wi-Fi, INSAT C-band, & direct broadcast service in the Ku band with a frequency range of 2.13–2.98 GHz, 6.86–8.42 GHz, and 12.03–13.13 GHz, respectively. PIN diode used to adjust the operational frequency ranges, which will be operated by the NodeMCU module. When the PIN diode is in the OFF state, the design antenna resonates at 2.24, 7.81, and 13.70 GHz, and when the PIN diode is in the ON state, it resonates at 2.45, 7.21, and 12.46 GHz. The designed antenna has a gain of 2.2 to 3.25 dB. In the ON state, the proposed bandwidth reconfigurable antenna has a radiation efficiency of more than 92 percent at all operational frequencies. The measured and simulated (CST Microwave Studio) findings are very similar. The CDAC Cmote unit examines the proposed reconfigurable antenna in a practical situation, and sensor data is successfully sent to the cloud. The data is analyzed using the machine learning technique.