Scaling and universality at ramped quench dynamical quantum phase transitions

Abstract

Abstract The nonequilibrium dynamics of a periodically driven extended XY model, in the presence of linear time dependent magnetic field, is investigated using the notion of dynamical quantum phase transitions (DQPTs). Along the similar lines to the equilibrium phase transition, the main purpose of this work is to search fundamental concepts such as scaling and universality at the ramped quench DQPTs. We have shown that the critical points of the model, where the gap closing occurs, can be moved by tuning the driven frequency and consequently the presence of or absence of DQPTs can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the driven frequency. We have uncovered that, for a ramp across the single quantum critical point, the critical mode at which DQPTs occur is classified into three regions: the Kibble–Zurek (KZ) region, where the critical mode scales linearly with the square root of the sweep velocity, the pre-saturated (PS) region, and the saturated (S) region where the critical mode makes a plateau versus the sweep velocity. While for a ramp that crosses two critical points, the critical modes disclose just the KZ and PS regions. On the basis of numerical simulations, we find that the dynamical free energy scales linearly with time, as approaches to DQPT time, with the exponent ν = 1 ± 0.01 for all sweep velocities and driven frequencies.