The Effect of the Type of Tillage and Soil Mulching on some Physical Soil and the Sustainability of its Aggregate on Broccoli

Abstract

Abstract An experiment was conducted in sandy clay loam soil at the research station of the College of Agriculture - Anbar University to study the effect of the type of tillage and soil mulching on some physical soil characteristics and the aggregates sustainable and broccoli yield, this experiment was designed according to the design of splinter panels with three repeaters consisting of two factors: the first tillage with three levels (zero tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) and the second mulching with three levels (without mulching, polyethylene and reed). Broccoli seedlings were planted on 14/10/2022, and service operations were conducted for the crop, and the experiment continued until the plant extraction on 1/3/2023, the change in the soil bulk density, mean weight diameter, slaking value and infiltration, green plant yield and flower yield were measured, and it was noted that the soil bulk density increased at the end of the season compared to its beginning, as the soil bulk density increased by tillage and linear mulching with the progress of the season. The results showed that soil tillage significantly affected the mean weight diameter, as it increased by 8.69 and 73.91% for minimum tillage and conventional tillage respectively, while soil mulching did not affect the mean weight diameter by fast and slow wetting methods, and both tillage and soil mulching did not show any significant effect of the slaking value, but in the overlap it gave the highest value when tillage at the minimum with all types of mulching, as it reached a fixed value of 0.30 mm, and the results showed that the varieties of Aggregates Sustainable, The soil depending on the mean weight diameter by rapid wetting was within unsustainable, either slow wetting it ranged between sustainable and sustainable with another use, and sustainability was classified depending on the slaking value, as unsustainable for all treatments, and gave the highest cumulative infiltration when treating the second level of mulching and tillage, as its value was 30.6 cm min-1, and conventional tillage gave the highest moisture weight to the plant, with a value of 278.2 g plant-1, while the mulching was the highest value in polyethylene, as it reached 2207.8 g plant-1 and conventional tillage also affected significantly the flower yield as its value reached 1159 g plant-1, and the mulching affected significantly in the flower yield with a value of 1392, 1156 g plant-1 when mulched with reed and polyethylene.