Brassinolides’ Function and Involvement in Salt Stress Response : A Review

Abstract

Abstract Brassinosteroids, the type of plant hormones requires the utmost attention in helping to induce plant respond to salt stress - a common problem global agricultural yield deals with. In conditions of salt stress, the cells are losing the integrity characterized by osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and oxidative damage and this has a very negative effect on plant growth and development. Brassinolides are key elements that regulate significant physiological and metabolism pathways thus acting in salt stress adaptation. This crucial step is restoring ion balance in the body When the plant roots are exposed to excessive salt levels in the soil, the sodium ions (Na+) buildup in the plant tissue disrupts the system of ion exchange within the cells of the plant. Brassinolides operate on the ion transport system including the sodium channels in, and out of, the cells, to diminish the case of high concentration of Na+ in these cellular compartments. Brassinosteroids, in addition to, activate ion transporters of potassium (K+) not just surface but also functioning against too much of sodium (Na+) toxicity. Brassinolides help to activate antioxidant defense systems for reducing the spike in oxidative stress induced by salt stress. Consequently, Brassinolides identification has been intensified as it enhances antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress which protects cells from desiccation by salt. As it relates to osmotic adjustment, a crucial capacity in salt stress response of plants, brassinolides play a specific part. They do precisely the opposite of the very function of osmosis by their ability to build these compatible solutes like, proline, glycine betaine and sugars, which play a vital role in preserving cellular turgor pressure and stablising large molecules in high osmotic environments. Brassinosteroids have a fundamental part in alleviating water loss from plants if the environment is heavy with salts and therefore helping them to stay alive. Intermediary compounds of Brassinolide are key elements in the plant defence system against salt stress. Brassinolides are the source of plants’ adaptability and survival as they increase the ability of plants to balance the ions, protect against oxidative stress, and manage the osmotic processes. The intricate methodology through which the brassinolides behave in salinity stress interaction should be understood and comprehended most sincerely considering the development of salinity-resistant varieties will be crucial in facing the increasing environment challenges that endanger food security.