The application of several bioameliorant formulations to increase soil nutrient concentration and yields maize-soybeans intercropping flexible to climate change in suboptimal land North Lombok, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract Many maize and soybean plants are planted with an intercropping system on suboptimal land in North Lombok. However, this plant is sensitive to climate change, drought stress, and soil fertility. This study is aimed at determining the increased soil nutrient concentrations and yields in several applications of bioameliorant in maize and soybean intercropping on suboptimal land in North Lombok. A randomized block design was utilized for the experiment, and the five treatments for the bioameliorant formulation were F0: without bioameliorant, Formulas F1 and F2 for bioameliorants contain 10% compost, 10% cattle manure, 10% rice husk charcoal, and 70% mycorrhizal biofertilizer, 55% mycorrhizal biofertilizer plus 15% compost plus 15% cattle manure plus 15% charcoal husk, F3: bioameliorant composition comprising 40% mycorrhizal biofertilizer, 20% compost, 20% cattle manure, and 20% rice husk charcoal, 25% compost, 25% cattle manure, 25% rice husk charcoal, and 25% mycorrhizal biofertilizer make up the bioameliorant composition F4. The results showed that the number of mycorrhizal spores in the soil, the percentage of infected roots, the yield of maize and soybean intercropping, and the concentration of N, P, and K nutrients can all be increased by the bioameliorant formulation of 25% compost + 25% cattle manure + 25% rice husk charcoal + 25% mycorrhizal biofertilizer.