Innovative technologies in agricultural crops breeding and seed farming

Abstract

Abstract Plant breeding involves the study of ways of creation of the new varieties of cultivated plants with important traits and improvement of the existing one. The following basic breeding methods are distinguished: selection, hybridization, mutagenesis and polyploidy. In 2019, the share of domestic breeding seeds in the total volume of seeds was 62.7%, for sugar beets - 0.6, sunflower - 26.5, vegetables - 43, corn - 45.8, soybeans - 41.8%. For winter and spring wheat, this indicator was 90.5 and 82.2%, respectively. The food security doctrine for seeds as a whole sets the indicator at no less than 75%. Import dependence on seeds and hybrids of agricultural crops is due to a number of factors: low competitive potential of newly registered varieties and hybrids, low quality of seeds, deficiencies in the system for stimulation of variety renewal, underdeveloped infrastructure, outdated material and technical base, lack of highly qualified specialists in genetics, breeding and seed production.