The use of auxin to regenerate embryogenic callus of Indonesian local garlic varieties

Abstract

Abstract Garlic is a national priority commodity with regards to reducing imports. One of the obstacles in its national production is the limitation of seed quality. This study aimed to investigate how auxin impacts the regeneration of embryogenic callus in three local garlic varieties. The experiment employed a two-factor Complete Randomized Design, involving varieties (Lumbu Putih, Geol, and Sangga Sembalun) and auxin types: A (IAA 1 ppm), B (IAA 3 ppm), C (IAA 5 ppm), D (IBA 1 ppm), E (IBA 3 ppm), and F (IBA 5 ppm). Each treatment was repeated three times so that the total treatment was 54 experimental units. Embryogenic calli, weighing about 0.2 g, were cultivated on the treatment medium. The observed variables were the diameter and texture of the callus, as well as the number of green spots on the callus. The results showed no significant interaction between variety and auxin treatment, but variety had a significant effect on callus diameter. The largest callus diameter was shown by the Sangga Sembalun variety under treatment C (2.75 mm) with a friable texture, yellowish color, and rooted structure, while the smallest callus diameter was produced by the Geol variety in treatment E (1.20 mm) with a non-friable texture and white color. The highest number of green spots was also produced from Sangga Sembalun in treatment D (7 green spots). It was concluded that auxin plays a role in the regeneration of somatic embryos in garlic, but its effectiveness depends on the genotype.