Sustainability in the Production of Gellan Gum From Sphingomonas Species by Using the Best Optimum Conditions: Review

Abstract

Abstract Multiple exo-polysaccharides derived from microorganisms have been documented within the previous decade, encompassing their distinct structural and functional characteristics. Gellan gum represents one of these emerging biopolymers, exhibiting versatile properties. However, the production of gellan gum is hindered by low yields, costly downstream procedures, and an overwhelmingly high market demand, rendering it a material of elevated expense. Consequently, it is advantageous to comprehend the diverse approaches available for the development of a cost-effective bioprocess specifically tailored for gellan gum. This comprehensive analysis centers on elucidating the intricacies of the upstream and downstream methodologies employed in gellan gum production, adopting an industrial standpoint. An exhaustive examination of the functional disparities between the two variants of gellan gum is undertaken, focusing on aspects such as hydration, gelation, stability, and texture. This research investigates the quantities of gellan gum generated from various species of Sphingomonas bacteria, while also examining the optimal conditions through the utilization of agricultural waste as substitutes for the production medium, with the aim of enhancing the output of the product and subsequently diminishing the production expenses.