Intensification of corn fertilizer system under irrigation conditions in the Chechen republic

Abstract

Abstract The article presents the results of studying options for the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in order to improve the nutritional conditions of corn during irrigation in the Chechen Republic. The studies were conducted in 2015-2017 on corn hybrids PR38A24 and Beshtau. Against the background of N90P120K60, the effectiveness of plant nutrition with the following agrochemicals was studied: Bioplant Flora 1 l/ha; Nagro 0.5 l/ha; mixture (Crystalon 3 kg/ha + Brexil Zn 0.15 kg/ha + urea 7 kg/ha). Against the background of N90P120K60 + fertilizing plants with a mixture of agrochemicals, the effectiveness of presowing seed treatment with fertilizers Bioplant Flora 1 l/t and Nagro 1 l/t was studied. Mineral fertilizers N90P120К60 and agrochemicals used for plant nutrition and seed treatment caused changes in the concentration of trace elements in corn grain. The content of trace elements in the grain was significantly lower than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The studied options for fertilizer systems significantly increased the yield of corn. The maximum grain yield of PR38A24 and Beshtau hybrids was provided by the application of N90P120К60 mineral fertilizers in combination with fertilizing plants with a mixture of fertilizers (Kristallon + Brexil Zn + Urea) and pre-sowing seed treatment with organic fertilizer Bioplant Flora (14.4 and 12.1 t/ha), as well as organic fertilizer Nagro (15.4 and 12.0 t/ha). The starch content increased with the use of certain mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P120К60 in the grain of the PR38A24 hybrid to 77.28 % (6.64 %), the Beshtau hybrid – up to 73.02 % (10.39 %). The availability of grain protein PR38A24 hybrid increased to a greater extent (up to 9.89 %) due to the use of mineral fertilizers. In the grain of the Beshtau hybrid, the maximum protein content (12.28 %) was provided by a combination of mineral fertilizers with Bioplant Flora plant nutrition.