Interfacial Cherenkov radiation from ultralow-energy electrons

Author:

Gong Zheng12,Chen Jialin123ORCID,Chen Ruoxi12ORCID,Zhu Xingjian4,Wang Chan15ORCID,Zhang Xinyan12,Hu Hao6,Yang Yi7,Zhang Baile89ORCID,Chen Hongsheng12510,Kaminer Ido3ORCID,Lin Xiao12

Affiliation:

1. Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

2. International Joint Innovation Center, The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China

3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel

4. School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

5. Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang, Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321099, China

6. College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China

7. Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China

8. Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore

9. Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore

10. Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing 312000, China

Abstract

Cherenkov radiation occurs only when a charged particle moves with a velocity exceeding the phase velocity of light in that matter. This radiation mechanism creates directional light emission at a wide range of frequencies and could facilitate the development of on-chip light sources except for the hard-to-satisfy requirement for high-energy particles. Creating Cherenkov radiation from low-energy electrons that has no momentum mismatch with light in free space is still a long-standing challenge. Here, we report a mechanism to overcome this challenge by exploiting a combined effect of interfacial Cherenkov radiation and umklapp scattering, namely the constructive interference of light emission from sequential particle–interface interactions with specially designed (umklapp) momentum-shifts. We find that this combined effect is able to create the interfacial Cherenkov radiation from ultralow-energy electrons, with kinetic energies down to the electron-volt scale. Due to the umklapp scattering for the excited high-momentum Bloch modes, the resulting interfacial Cherenkov radiation is uniquely featured with spatially separated apexes for its wave cone and group cone.

Funder

the National Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas) of China

Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Fund Key Project

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology

the National Natural Science Foundation of China

the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province

the Chinese Scholarship Council

Singapore National Research Foundation Competitive Research Program

the National Natural Science Foundation of China Excellent Young Scientists Fund

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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