Spatiotemporally controlled microvortices provide advanced microfluidic components

Author:

Saito Makoto1ORCID,Arai Fumihito2ORCID,Yamanishi Yoko1ORCID,Sakuma Shinya1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan

2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-8656, Japan

Abstract

Microvortices are emerging components that impart functionality to microchannels by exploiting inertia effects such as high shear stress, effective fluid diffusion, and large pressure loss. Exploring the dynamic generation of vortices further expands the scope of microfluidic applications, including cell stimulation, fluid mixing, and transport. Despite the crucial role of vortices’ development within sub-millisecond timescales, previous studies in microfluidics did not explore the modulation of the Reynolds number (Re) in the range of several hundred. In this study, we modulated high-speed flows (54 < Re < 456) within sub-millisecond timescales using a piezo-driven on-chip membrane pump. By applying this method to microchannels with asymmetric geometries, we successfully controlled the spatiotemporal development of vortices, adjusting their behavior in response to oscillatory flow directions. These different vortices induced different pressure losses, imparting the microchannels with direction-dependent flow resistance, mimicking a diode-like behavior. Through precise control of vortex development, we managed to regulate this direction-dependent resistance, enabling the rectification of oscillatory flow resembling a diode and the ability to switch its rectification direction. This component facilitated bidirectional flow control without the need for mechanical valves. Moreover, we demonstrated its application in microfluidic cell pipetting, enabling the isolation of single cells. Consequently, based on modulating high-speed flow, our approach offers precise control over the spatiotemporal development of vortices in microstructures, thereby introducing innovative microfluidic functionalities.

Funder

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

MEXT | JST | Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology

Publisher

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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