Author:
Crown Patricia L.,Gu Jiyan,Hurst W. Jeffrey,Ward Timothy J.,Bravenec Ardith D.,Ali Syed,Kebert Laura,Berch Marlaina,Redman Erin,Lyons Patrick D.,Merewether Jamie,Phillips David A.,Reed Lori S.,Woodson Kyle
Abstract
Chemical analyses of organic residues in fragments of pottery from 18 sites in the US Southwest and Mexican Northwest reveal combinations of methylxanthines (caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline) indicative of stimulant drinks, probably concocted using either cacao or holly leaves and twigs. The results cover a time period from around A.D. 750–1400, and a spatial distribution from southern Colorado to northern Chihuahua. As with populations located throughout much of North and South America, groups in the US Southwest and Mexican Northwest likely consumed stimulant drinks in communal, ritual gatherings. The results have implications for economic and social relations among North American populations.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Publisher
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Cited by
38 articles.
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