Epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in free-ranging rhinoceros in Kruger National Park, South Africa

Abstract

SignificanceAfrican rhinoceros survival is threatened by poaching, habitat loss, and climate effects. The presence ofMycobacterium bovisin wild populations creates an additional potential threat to health and conservation programs. This study reports a large survey ofM. bovisinfection in free-ranging rhinoceros. Our findings confirm a widespread, high infection burden in the rhinoceros population of Kruger National Park, South Africa and identify risk factors for infection. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the spread of bovine tuberculosis in complex ecosystems. This study reflects the complexity of investigating a multihost pathogen in a previously naïve system. It provides an opportunity to increase awareness of the global impact that tuberculosis can have on animal populations, food security, and conservation.