An overview of swine artificial insemination: Retrospective, current and prospective aspects

Abstract

Assistant reproduction technologies are in constant evolution, among them the artificial insemination (AI). AI has been successfully used in pigs for decades, especially to improve boar efficienc and productivity. Lately, swine AI has taken on a new lease of life since efficient AI is essential for solving future challenges in the porcine industry and to enhance productivity. The present paper summarizes several factors concerning AI, starting with an overview of some physiological aspects including the female reproductive tract and sperm transport, as well as sperm losses during insemination and uterus sperm selection. Strategies developed to reduce the number of sperm during the AI process, are also reviewed, along with their combination with new reproductive technologies for application in pig production in the near future.