School and Teacher Effects: An Interrelational Model

Abstract

This review examines a model for investigating school and teacher variables which influence student achievement. The structural model, presented in the first part of the review, includes examples of variables and their expected relationships to each other and to student learning outcomes. Variables are grouped as: (1) school or school district conditions, (2) within school conditions, (3) teacher characteristics, (4) teaching behavior, (5) student characteristics, (6) student behavior, and (7) student learning outcomes. A summary of some of the school effects and teacher behavior research, presented in the second and third section of the review, generally supports the expected relationships among variables in the model.