306. A study ofBacillus subtilisand related organisms

Abstract

A group of species, comprisingBacillus subtilisand related organisms, may be differentiated from other members of the genusBacillusby (a) morphology and (b) the production of acid and acetylmethylcarbinol from glucose. The group may be divided into three species:(1)B. subtilisCohnemend. Prazmowski, the synonyms of which includeB. aterrimus, B. globigii, B. mesentericus, B. niger, B. panis, andB. vulgatus.(2)B. pumilusGottheil, which resembles strains of (1) that produce a smooth glossy growth. It differs in failing to secrete diastase and in other features, but its separation as a distinct species is still an open question. It is sometimes identified asB. mesentericus.(3)B. licheniformis(Weigmann) Gibson, the synonyms of which includeB. subtilis(as used by Ford),B. globigiiandB. mesentericus ruber. This species may be differentiated from (1) and (2) by its cultural characters, slow proteolytic action, vigorous CO2production and ability to grow anaerobically.