The rate of spreading in spin coating

Abstract

In this paper we reconsider the fundamental problem of the centrifugally driven spreading of a thin drop of Newtonian fluid on a uniform solid substrate rotating with constant angular speed when surface-tension and moving-contact-line effects are significant. We discuss analytical solutions to a number of problems in the case of no surface tension and in the asymptotic limit of weak surface tension, as well as numerical solutions in the case of weak but finite surface tension, and compare their predictions for the evolution of the radius of the drop (prior to the onset of instability) with the experimental results of Fraysse & Homsy (1994) and Spaid & Homsy (1997). In particular, we provide a detailed analytical description of the no-surface-tension and weak-surface-tension asymptotic solutions. We demonstrate that, while the asymptotic solutions do indeed capture many of the qualitative features of the experimental results, quantitative agreement for the evolution of the radius of the drop prior to the onset of instability is possible only when weak but finite surface-tension effects are included. Furthermore, we also show that both a fixed- and a specific variable-contact-angle condition (or ‘Tanner law’) are capable of reproducing the experimental results well.