The passage of electrons through small apertures

Abstract

The velocities of electrons emerging through an aperture in an anode to which they were accelerated have been investigated.The velocity distribution of electrons passing through holes ranging from 0·13 mm. to 3·24 mm. in diameter in a thin copper sheet is shown in Fig. 2. In this case the accelerating field between filament and anode was 204 volts.Corresponding results for a capillary tube 0·40 mm. in diameter and 16 mm. long are shown in Fig. 3, where the curves are plotted for different accelerating potentials. Experiments were also made with shorter lengths, down to 5 mm., and with a tube 1·25 mm. in diameter. All the tubes investigated gave the same distribution of velocities of the electrons in the emergent beam, within the limits of error of the experiments.In conclusion the authors wish to express their thanks to Sir Ernest Rutherford for his interest and advice during the course of the work.