Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellaserovars isolated from poultry in Ghana

Abstract

SUMMARYPoultry are possible sources of non-typhoidalSalmonellaserovars which may cause foodborne human disease. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence ofSalmonellaserovars in egg-laying hens and broilers at the farm level and their susceptibility to antimicrobials commonly used in the poultry industry in Ghana. Sampling of faeces by a sock method (n= 75), dust (n= 75), feed (n= 10) and drinking water (n= 10) was performed at 75 commercial egg-laying and broiler farms in two regions of Ghana and skin neck (n= 30) at a local slaughterhouse from broilers representing different flocks.Salmonellawas detected in 94/200 (47%) samples with an overall flock prevalence of 44·0%. Sixteen different serovars were identified withS. Kentucky (18·1%),S. Nima (12·8%),S. Muenster (10·6%),S. Enteritidis (10·6%) andS. Virchow (9·6 %) the most prevalent types. The predominant phage type ofS. Enteritidis was PT1. All strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefoxitin. Fifty-seven (60·6%) strains were resistant to one or more of the remaining nine antimicrobials tested by disk diffusion, of which 23 (40·4%) showed multi-resistance (resistance to ⩾3 classes of antimicrobials). Of the resistant strains (n= 57), the most significant were to nalidixic acid (89·5%), tetracycline (80·7%), ciprofloxacin (64·9%), sulfamethazole (42·1%), trimethoprim (29·8%) and ampicillin (26·3%). AllS.Kentucky strains were resistant to more than two antimicrobials and shared common resistance to nalidixic acid or ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, often in combinations with other antimicrobials. PFGE analysis usingXbaI ofS. Kentucky demonstrated one dominant clone in the country. In conclusion, poultry produced in Ghana has a high prevalence of multi-resistantSalmonellaand the common finding of clonalS.Kentucky in the Kumasi area warrants further investigations into the epidemiology of this serovar. There is an urgent need for surveillance and control programmes onSalmonellaand use of antimicrobials in the Ghanaian poultry industry to protect the health of consumers.