Phylogeny of the Lobariaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Peltigerales), with a reappraisal of the genus Lobariella

Abstract

AbstractThe generic classification of Lobariaceae based on a three-gene phylogeny of mtSSU, nuLSU and ITS data, with special reference to the genus Lobariella, is reassessed. Twelve well-supported clades are recognized within Lobariaceae, which correlate with morpho-chemical and ecological features and are suggested to represent distinct generic lineages within the family. Lobaria s. lat. forms at least six lineages: Lobaria s. str. (type L. pulmonaria), the Pseudocyphellaria anomala group, for which the genus Anomalobaria is introduced (type A. anomala), Lobarina (type L. scrobiculata), Ricasolia (type R. amplissima; syn.: Dendriscocaulon), the Sticta wrightii group, for which the genus Dendriscosticta is introduced (type D. wrightii), the Lobaria peltigera group, for which the genus Yoshimuriella is introduced (type Y. fendleri), and Lobariella (type L. crenulata; syn: Durietzia nom. illeg.). Pseudocyphellaria s. lat. comprises four lineages, each of which having genus-level names available: Crocodia (type C. aurata), Parmostictina (type P. hirsuta), Podostictina (type P. endochrysoides), and Pseudocyphellaria (type P. crocata). The Pseudocyphellaria anomala group (Anomalobaria) comes out sister to Lobaria s. str., whereas Sticta s. lat. forms two unrelated lineages, Sticta s. str. (type S. sylvatica) and the S. wrightii group (Dendriscosticta), which is closely related to Lobariella and the Lobaria peltigera group (Yoshimuriella). Although these twelve clades can be organized into three larger clades that largely correspond to the traditional genera Lobaria, Pseudocyphellaria, and Sticta, the clade support for Pseudocyphellaria s. lat., as well as the distribution of morpho-chemical characters over the topology, does not favour such a conclusion. In particular, the most relevant characters traditionally used to separate these genera, pseudocyphellae and/or cyphellae, are found in at least two of the three larger clades (some species of Sticta having pseudocyphellae rather than cyphellae). The strongly supported Lobaria s. lat. clade includes species with and without cyphellae and pseudocyphellae (both on the lower side), which defies the traditional classification using these characters. Based on an expanded ITS phylogeny, Lobariella itself is emended to include 26 species, and a key is presented to all species. The following three genera and 19 species are described as new: Anomalobaria B. Moncada & Lücking gen. nov., Dendriscosticta B. Moncada & Lücking gen. nov., Yoshimuriella B. Moncada & Lücking gen. nov., Lobariella angustata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. auriculata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. ecorticata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. flavomedullosa B. Moncada, Betancourt-Macuase & Lücking sp. nov., L. isidiata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. nashii B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. olivascens B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. pallidocrenulata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. papillifera B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. parmelioides B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. peltata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. pseudocrenulata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. reticulata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. rugulosa B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. soredians B. Moncada, Betancourt-Macuase & Lücking sp. nov., L. spathulifera B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. stenroosiae B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., L. subcorallophora B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov., and L. subcrenulata B. Moncada & Lücking sp. nov. Further, the following 15 new combinations are proposed: Anomalobaria anomala (Brodo & Ahti) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Pseudocyphellaria anomala Brodo & Ahti], A. anthraspis (Ach.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta anthraspis Ach.; Pseudocyphellaria anthraspis (Ach.) H. Magn.], Dendriscosticta platyphylla (Trevis.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Lobaria platyphylla Trevis.; Sticta nylanderiana Zahlbr.], D. platyphylloides (Nyl.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta platyphylloides Nyl.], D. oroborealis (Goward & Tønsberg) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta oroborealis Goward & Tønsberg], D. praetextata (Räsänen) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta platyphylla var. praetextata Räsänen; S. praetextata (Räsänen) D. D. Awasthi], D. wrightii (Tuck.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta wrightii Tuck.], Lobariella corallophora (Yoshim.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. et stat. nov. [Lobaria exornata var. corallophora Yoshim.], Yoshimuriella carassensis (Vain.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Lobaria carassensis Vain.], Y. corrosa (Ach.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta dissecta var. corrosa Ach.; Lobaria corrosa (Ach.) Vain.], Y. deplanata (Nyl.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Ricasolia subdissecta f. deplanata Nyl.; Lobaria deplanata (Nyl.) Yoshim.], Y. dissecta (Sw.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Lichen dissectus Sw.; Lobaria dissecta (Sw.) Raeusch], Y. fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Sticta fendleri Tuck. & Mont.; Lobaria fendleri (Tuck. & Mont.) Lindau], Y. subcorrosa (Nyl.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Ricasolia subcorrosa Nyl.; Lobaria subcorrosa (Nyl.) Vain.], and Y. subdissecta (Nyl.) B. Moncada & Lücking comb. nov. [Ricasolia subdissecta Nyl.; Lobaria subdissecta (Nyl.) Vain.].