Emergency department visual urinalysis versus laboratory urinalysis

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjective:The primary objective of this study was to compare the results of nurse-performed urinalysis (NPU) interpreted visually in the emergency department (ED) with laboratory-performed urinalysis (LPU) interpreted by reflectance photometry.Methods:This was a prospective observational study based on a convenience sample from my emergency practice. Emergency nurses, who were unaware of the study, performed usual dipstick analysis before sending the same urine sample to the laboratory for testing.Results:Of 140 urinalyses performed during the study period, 124 were suitable for analysis. When compared with the reference standard LPU, the NPU had an overall sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 95%–100%) and a specificity of 49% (95% CI 33%–65%) for the presence of any 1 of blood, leukocyte esterase, nitrites, protein, glucose or ketones in the urine. Of 20 falsely positive NPUs, 18 were a result of the nurse recording 1 or more components as “trace” positive.Conclusion:Although NPU does not yield identical results to LPU, a negative LPU is expected when the initial NPU in the ED is negative.