Design and optimization of a microstrip patch antenna for increased bandwidth

Abstract

With the ever-increasing need for wireless communication and the emergence of many systems, it is important to design broadband antennas to cover a wide frequency range. The aim of this paper is to design a broadband patch antenna, employing the three techniques of slotting, adding directly coupled parasitic elements and fractal electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures.The bandwidth is improved from 9.3 to 23.7%. A wideband ranging from 4.15 to 5.27 GHz is obtained. Also, a comparative analysis of embedding EBG structures at different heights is also done. The composite effect of integrating these techniques in the design provides a simple and efficient method for obtaining low-profile, broadband, and high-gain antenna. By the addition of parasitic elements the bandwidth was increased to 18%. Later on by embedding EBG structures the bandwidth was increased up to 23.7%. The design is suitable for a variety of wireless applications like WLAN and radar applications.