Crystal structure from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, DFT-D calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and energy frameworks of a new polymorph of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid

Abstract

Several benzothiophene-based compounds, including 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid, exhibit a wide variety of pharmacological activities. They have been extensively used to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic effectiveness. In this contribution, the crystal structure of a new polymorph of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (BTCA) was determined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data with DASH, refined by the Rietveld method with TOPAS-Academic, and optimized using DFT-D calculations. The new form of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid crystallizes in space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 14.635(4), b = 5.8543(9), c = 19.347(3) Å, β = 103.95(1)°, V = 1608.8(6) Å3, and Z = 8. The structure is a complex 3D arrangement which can be described in terms of hydrogen-bonded dimers of BTCA molecules, joined by the acid–acid homosynthon, which interact through C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds to produce tapes further connected through head-to-tail π⋯π and edge-to-face C–H⋯π interactions. A comparison with a previously reported triclinic polymorph and with the related 1-benzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (BFCA) is also presented.