Can smart policies solve the sand mining problem?

Author:

Hübler MichaelORCID,Pothen FrankORCID

Abstract

While sand has become a scarce essential resource for construction and land reclamation worldwide, its extraction causes severe ecological damage and high social costs. To derive policy solutions to this paramount global challenge with broad applicability, this model-based analysis exemplarily studies sand trade from Southeast Asia to Singapore. Accordingly, a coordinated transboundary sand output tax reduces sand mining to a large extent, while the economic costs are small for the sand importer and slightly positive for the exporters. As a novel policy implementation approach, a “Sand Extraction Allowances Trading Scheme” is proposed, which helps sustainably balance the importer’s economic growth with the exporters’ economic development.

Funder

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt and European Regional Development Fund

Publisher

Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference27 articles.

1. Dramatic Photos Show How Sand Mining Threatens a Way of Life in Southeast Asia–Vietnam is a prime example of a little-known global threat: the mining of river sand to build the world’s booming cities;National Geographic,2018

2. UN Comtrade (2016). United Nations Trade Statistics. New York, USA, https://comtrade.un.org/ (accessed 10/2016).

3. Global Witness (2010). Shifting Sand–How Singapore’s demand for Cambodian sand threatens ecosystems and undermines good governance. London, UK, https://www.globalwitness.org/en/archive/ shifting-sand-how-singapores-demand-cambodian-sand-threatens-ecosystems-and-undermines-good/ (accessed 07/2018).

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