Abstract
Using 44 sweeps of the US Census Household Pulse Survey data for the period April 2020 to April 22 we track the evolution of the mental health of just over three million Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic. We find anxiety, depression and worry had two major peaks in 2020 but improved in 2021 and 2022. We show that a variable we construct based on daily inflows of COVID cases by county, aggregated up to state, is positively associated with worse mental health, having conditioned on state fixed effects and seasonality in mental health. However, the size of the effect declines in 2021 and 2022 as vaccination rates rise. For women and college educated men having a vaccine improved mental health. However, being vaccinated worsens mental health among less educated men.
Publisher
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Reference39 articles.
1. The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History, Penguin;J.M. Barry;Random House,2018
2. COVID-19, lockdowns and well-being: Evidence from Google trends,’;A. Brodeur;Journal of Public Economics,2021
3. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and mental health: current risks and recommended actions;D. Amsalem;JAMA Psychiatry,2020
4. Unemployment insurance, health-related social needs, health care access, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic;S. A. Berkowitz;JAMA Internal Medicine,2021
5. The effect of repeated lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on UK mental health outcomes,’;J. Lindley;GLO Discussion Paper No,2021
Cited by
49 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献，注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献，订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献