Metastasis, characteristic, and treatment of breast cancer in young women and older women: A study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registration database

Abstract

Background Younger age is an independent risk factor for breast cancer (BC) prognosis, and BC in young women is often considered more aggressive. BC patients with different age and molecular subtypes have different metastasis patterns and survival. Herein, we aim to explore the metastasis patterns, characteristics and treatment methods of young patients with BC, and to compare them with older patients. Methods Data of young patients (aged ≤40 years old) and older patients (aged >40 years old) with BC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registration database in 2010–2019 in this retrospective cohort study. Univariate and multivariate competing risk models and proportional hazard models were used to explore the association between different metastasis patterns and treatments and BC prognoses in young and older patients. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves were drawn to reflect the survival probability of patients with BC who have different metastasis patterns. Also, we performed subgroup analysis of different metastasis patterns to explore the association between different treatments and overall survival (OS)/cancer specific survival (CSS) in patients with BC. The evaluation index was hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Totally, 5,984 patients died, and 92.56% of them died from BC. There were respectively 1,089 young patients and 9,105 older patients, and we found some differences of characteristics and metastasis patterns between them. After adjusting for covariates, young patients who had brain metastasis and multiple sites metastasis seemed to have high risk of both lower OS and CSS. Among older patients with BC, brain metastasis, liver metastasis, and multiple sites metastasis were all positively associated with both lower OS and CSS. In young and older patients, those who not receive radiotherapy or surgery, or received non-surgery combined with radiotherapy seemed to have high risk of both lower OS and CSS. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and surgery combined with radiotherapy were associated with higher OS and CSS in young patients, while only older patients received surgery combined with radiotherapy had higher OS and CSS. Results of subgroup analysis indicated that for patients with different metastasis patterns, developing a personalized treatment plan is necessary. Conclusions Characteristics of BC between young patients and older patients were different. Clinicians should focus on different metastasis sites and choose appropriate treatments in patients with different ages, which may improve the prognoses.