1. Owls in their changing landscapes, ambassadors for the protection of nature;DH Johnson;Ardea
2. Morony JJ, Bock WJ, Farrand J (1975) Reference List of the Birds of the World. New York: American Museum of Natural History.
3. König C, Weick F (2008) Owls: a guide to the owls of the world. Second Edition. Robertsbridge: Pica Press.
4. Species limits of the least pygmy-owl (Glaucidium minutissimum) complex;SNG Howell;Wilson Bulletin,1995
5. Molecular data confirms the species status of the Christmas Island Hawk-Owl Ninox natalis;JA Norman;Emu,1998