SCAFOLDS IN PERIODONTAL SURGERY. Review

Abstract

Relevance. Substitution of bone defects in destructive periodontitis is one of the most difficult tasks of maxillofacial surgery. Today, tissue engineering, which makes up the classical triad: biomaterials + cells + growth factors, is the most effective and technologically promising for restoring the parameters and structure of the alveolar bone. Objective. The goal is to summarize  of literature data on the possibilities of using modified scaffold materials, bone morphogenetic proteins, growth factors in tissue engineering in the replacement of jaw bone defects. Materials and methods.Scientific literature search was carry out using scientometric bases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, RSCI during 18 years (2001-2018). The literature sources on the possibility of using osteoinductive and osteoconductive materials in dentistry is analyzed. Also the data on the possibility and prospects of using individual osteoregenerative drugs for periodontal diseases and for the elimination of jaw defects was analyzed. The characteristics of the composition, properties, manufacturing methods and mechanism of action of osteoplastic materials was analyzed. Results. Advantages of osteoreparative technologies using scaffolds are their sufficient hydrophilicity, the possibility of complete biocompatibility, biodegradation of the material without any toxic effects on the patient’s body, the possibility of penetration into the cell structure and different molecular sizes (including those stimulating angiogenesis), maintaining the required volume, the possibility of programming the composition and properties at the manufacturing stage and the like. Tissue-engineering constructs have shown their high mechanical and biological properties for osteogenic differentiation and cell replacement. In addition, it is possible to expand operational protocols depending on the specific anatomical and physiological conditions in each patient. Conclusion. The use of modified scaffold materials, bone morphogenetic proteins, growth factors in tissue engineering allows us to restore the structure and volume when replacing defects in the bone tissue of the jaw. Tissue engineering (matrices, growth factors, cells) is becoming an attractive clinical approach for bone regeneration.