A green dispersive liquid phase microextraction technique based on the solidification of switchable hydrophilic fatty acid for determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples

Abstract

Abstract A green dispersive liquid phase microextraction approach based on the solidification of switchable hydrophilic fatty acid as an extraction phase has been developed for the determination of 16 priority polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aqueous samples. In this study, the centrifugation step was omitted by the applying salting-out phenomenon. The influence of main variables on the efficiency of the procedure was studied by chemometric methods. Under optimal conditions, the completion time for extraction was less than 1 min, and the detector response was linear in the range of 0.1–250 μg L−1. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were estimated as the concentration range of 0.01–0.14 μg L−1 and 0.03–0.47 μg L−1, respectively. The precision consists of repeatability and reproducibility, which were determined by calculating the relative standard deviation percent; their values were less than 7.2% and 10.5%, respectively. Applicability of the developed procedure was successfully evaluated for the analysis of PAHs in different water samples.